There
are two voices:-
Active
and Passive.
When
the subject of the sentence is the doer or actor, the verb is in active voice;
as
as
↪I
do this work.
↪I
give him a pen
When
the subject of the sentence is acted upon, the verb is in passive voice;
as
as
↪This
work is done by me.
↪He
was given a pen by me.
General
rules of changing voice:
- ↪The object of the verb in the active voice becomes the subject of the verb in the passive voice.
- ↪The subject of the verb in the active voice becomes the object in the passive voice generally preceded by the preposition ‘by’.
- ↪The main verb is changed into the past participle form and it is preceded by the correct form of the verb ‘to be’ in passive
- ↪There are some verbs with two objects. In such cases either of the objects can be changed into the subject and the other is retained as an object. This object is called retained object.
Active
passive relation:
Active
|
Rahim
|
reads
|
a book
|
Subject (Sb)
|
Verb (Vb)
|
Object (obj)
|
|
Passive
|
A book
|
is read
|
By Rahim
|
Subject (Sb)
|
Verb (Vb)
|
Object (obj)
|
Verbs
pattern of Passive Voice:
Tenses
|
Verb ‘To be’
|
Past
Participle of the main Verb
(say Play)
|
|||
Simple Present
|
am
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
played
|
is
|
-
|
-
|
played
|
||
are
|
-
|
-
|
played
|
||
Simple Past
|
was
|
-
|
-
|
played
|
|
were
|
-
|
-
|
played
|
||
Present
Continuous
|
am
|
+
|
being
|
played
|
|
is
|
+
|
being
|
played
|
||
are
|
+
|
being
|
played
|
||
Past
Continuous
|
was
|
+
|
being
|
played
|
|
were
|
+
|
being
|
played
|
||
Present
Perfect
|
has
|
+
|
been
|
played
|
|
have
|
+
|
been
|
played
|
||
Past Perfect
|
had
|
+
|
been
|
played
|
|
Future
|
shall
|
+
|
be
|
played
|
|
will
|
+
|
be
|
played
|
Examples with
full sentences:
Tense
|
Voice
|
Indefinite
|
Continuous
|
Perfect
|
Present
|
Active
|
I do it
|
I am doing it
|
I have done it
|
Passive
|
It is done by
me
|
It is being
done by me
|
It has been
done by me
|
|
Past
|
Active
|
I did it
|
I was doing it
|
I had done it
|
Passive
|
It was done by
me
|
It was being
done by me
|
It had been
done by me
|
|
Future
|
Active
|
I shall do it
|
-
|
-
|
Passive
|
It will be
done by me
|
Tense
|
Voice
|
Indefinite
|
Continuous
|
Perfect
|
Present
|
Active
|
I play ludo
|
I am playing
ludo
|
I have played
ludo
|
Passive
|
Ludo is played
by me
|
Ludo is being
played by me
|
Ludo has been
played by me
|
|
Past
|
Active
|
I played ludo
|
I was playing
ludo
|
I had played
ludo
|
Passive
|
Ludo was
played by me
|
Ludo was being
played by me
|
Ludo hah been
played by me
|
|
Future
|
Active
|
I shall play
ludo
|
-
|
-
|
Passive
|
Ludo will be
played by me
|
Important forms
to remember
Subject Form
|
Object Form
|
Possessive
Form
|
I
|
Me
|
My
|
We
|
Us
|
Our
|
You
|
you
|
Your
|
He
|
Him
|
His
|
She
|
Her
|
Her
|
They
|
Them
|
Their
|
It
|
It
|
Its
|
One
|
One
|
One’s
|
Voice Change of
Assertive Sentences
i).
Simple Present:
Rule:
Active:
Sb+Vb+Ob
Passive: Sb(Ob of Active)+ am/is/are + past participle
of the Vb
Examples:
Active:
Karim reads a book.
Passive:
A book is read by Karim.
Active:
Raju sings songs.
Passive:
Songs are sung by Raju.
Active:
They like me.
Passive:
I am liked by them.
Active:
Shyam knows you
Passive:
You are known to Shyam
Active:
Nabin takes him breakfast.
Passive:
Breakfast is taken by Nabin.
Active:
I see pictures.
Passive:
Pictures are seen by me.
Active:
Rupa writes a letter.
Passive:
A letter is written by Rupa.
ii).
Present Continuous:
Rule:
Active:
Sb +am/is/are + past participle of the Vb + Object.
Passive: Sb(Ob of Active) + am/is/are + being + past
participle of the Vb.
Active:
Karim is reading a book.
Passive:
A book is being read by Karim.
Active:
Raju is singing songs.
Passive:
Songs are being sung by Raju.
Active:
They love me.
Passive:
I am being loved by them.
Active:
Shyam is teaching you
Passive:
You are being taught by Shyam
Active:
Nabin is taking him breakfast.
Passive:
Breakfast is being taken by Nabin.
Active:
I am watching movie.
Passive:
Movie is being watched by me.
Active:
Rupa is writing a letter.
Passive:
A letter is being written by Rupa.
iii).
Present Perfect:
Rule:
Active:
Sb + has/have + past participle of the Vb + Object.
Passive: Sb(Ob of Active) + has/have + been + past
participle of the Vb.
Active:
Karim has given me a book.
Passive:
I have been given a book by Karim
Passive:
A book has been given me by Karim.
Note:
There are two objects in this sentence. These are Me and Book. Better to take a
BOOK (non-animal word) as a subject and ME as a retained object.
Active:
Raju has sung songs.
Passive:
Songs have been sung by Raju.
Active:
They have chosen me.
Passive:
I have been chosen by them.
Active:
Shyam has taught you
Passive:
You have been taught by Shyam
Active:
Nabin has taken him breakfast.
Passive:
Breakfast has been taken by Nabin.
Active:
I have seen Titanic.
Passive:
Titanic has been seen by me.
Active:
Rupa has written a letter.
Passive:
A letter has been written by Rupa.
iv).
Simple past:
Rule:
Active:
Sb + past tense of Vb + Ob
Passive: Sb (Ob of Active) + was/were + past
participle of the Vb
Examples:
Active:
Karim read a book.
Passive:
A book was read by Karim.
Active:
Raju sang songs.
Passive:
Songs were sung by Raju.
Active:
They liked me.
Passive:
I was liked by them.
Active:
Shyam knew you
Passive:
You were known to Shyam
Active:
Nabin took him breakfast.
Passive:
Breakfast was taken by Nabin.
Active:
I saw pictures.
Passive:
Pictures were seen by me.
Active:
Rupa wrote a letter.
Passive:
A letter was written by Rupa.
v).
Past Continuous:
Rule:
Active:
Sb + was/were + past participle of the Vb
Passive: Sb (Ob of Active) + was/were + being + past participle of the Vb
Examples:
Active:
Karim was reading a book.
Passive:
A book was being read by Karim.
Active:
Raju was singing songs.
Passive:
Songs were being sung by Raju.
Active:
They loved me.
Passive:
I was being loved by them.
Active:
Shyam was teaching you.
Passive:
You were being taught by Shyam.
Active:
Nabin was taking him breakfast.
Passive:
Breakfast was being taken by Nabin.
Active:
I was watching movie.
Passive:
Movie was being watched by me.
Active:
Rupa was writing a letter.
Passive:
A letter was being written by Rupa.
vi).
Past Perfect:
Rule:
Active:
Sb + had + past participle of the Vb.
Passive: Sb(Ob of Active) + had + been + past
participle of the Vb.
Active:
Karim had given me a book.
Passive:
I had been given a book by Karim
Passive:
A book had been given me by Karim.
Note:
There are two objects in this sentence. These are Me and Book. Better to take a
BOOK (non-animal word) as a subject and ME as a retained object.
Active:
Raju had sung songs.
Passive:
Songs had been sung by Raju.
Active:
They had chosen me.
Passive:
I had been chosen by them.
Active:
Shyam had taught you
Passive:
You had been taught by Shyam
Active:
Nabin had taken him breakfast.
Passive:
Breakfast had been taken by Nabin.
Active:
I had seen Titanic.
Passive:
Titanic had been seen by me.
Active:
Rupa had written a letter.
Passive:
A letter had been written by Rupa.
vii).
Simple Future:
Rule:
Active:
Sb + shall/will+ Vb + Ob
Passive: Sb(Ob of Active) + shall/will + be+ past
participle of the Vb
Examples:
Active:
Karim will read a book.
Passive:
A book will be read by Karim.
Active:
Raju will sing songs.
Passive:
Songs will be sung by Raju.
Active:
They will like me.
Passive:
I shall be liked by them.
Active:
Shyam will call you
Passive:
You will be called by Shyam
Active:
Nabin will take him breakfast.
Passive:
Breakfast will be taken by Nabin.
Active:
I will see pictures.
Passive:
Pictures will be seen by me.
Active:
Rupa will write a letter.
Passive:
A letter will be written by Rupa.
viii).
Future Conditional:
Rule:
Active:
Sb+ would + Present tense of the Vb + Ob
Passive: Sb(Ob of Active)+ would + be + past
participle of the Vb
Examples:
Active:
She would sing a song.
Passive: A song would be sung by her.
Active:
Ram would open a shop.
Passive:
A shop would be opened by Ram.
ix).
Perfect Conditional:
Rule:
Active:
Sb+ would + have + Present tense of the Vb + Ob
Passive: Sb(Ob of Active)+ would + have+ been + past
participle of the Vb
Examples:
Active:
She would have read the story book.
Passive: The story book would have been read by her.
Active:
He would have received the message.
Passive:
The message would have been received by me.
Active:
Azar would have sent the telegram.
Passive:
The telegram would have been sent by Azar.
B.
Imperative sentences:
If the Active Verb is in the Imperative
Mood, the word ‘Let’ is usually placed at the beginning of the Passive voice.
But if the sentence begins with ‘Please’ in Active Voice, ‘you are requested to’
is used in Passive voice. The ‘b’ verb is placed before the past Participle of
the main Verb in both the cases. An Intransitive Verb may also be changed into
Passive with ‘you are requested to’ and also in case of Advice ‘Shall be’ is
used.
Three
types of Imperative sentences:
- ↪ Command
or Order
- ↪ Request
- ↪ Advice.
- ↪ Command
or Order:
Rule:
Active:
Vb + Ob
Passive: Let + Ob + be + past participle of the Vb
Active:
Do this work.
Passive: Let this work be done.
Active:
Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Active:
Open the door.
Passive: Let the door be opened.
- ↪ Request:
Rule:
Active:
Please + Vb + Ob
Passive: You are requested to + Verb + Ob
Active:
Please do this work.
Passive:
You are requested to do this work.
Active:
Please give me a ticket.
Passive: You are requested to give me a ticket
Active:
Please do not smoke.
Passive: You are requested not to smoke.
Active:
Go there.
Passive: You are requested to go there.
Active:
Do it.
Passive: You are requested to do it.
- ↪ Advice:
Rule:
Active:
Vb + Ob
Passive:
Sb(Ob of Active)+ should be or ‘be word’
+ past participle of the Vb
Active:
Help the poor.
Passive:
The poor should be helped.
Active:
Love the Animals.
Passive: The animals should be loved.
Active:
Listen to your teacher.
Passive: Your teacher should be listened to.
Active:
Prepare yourself ready for the worst.
Passive: Be prepared for the worst.
Passive: You should be prepared for the worst.
Active:
Do it.
Passive: You are requested to do it.
C.
Interrogative Sentences:
An
Interrogative Sentence in Active Voice will also be Interrogative in its
Passive form. The process of changing is convenient if it is first changed into
Assertive and then into Interrogative. But if the Interrogative Sentence begins
with a question word, it can be directly changed into Passive.
Active:
Do you see the bird?
Assertive:
You see the bird-àThe bird is seen
by you
Passive: Is the bird seen by you?
Active:
Do you clean the room?
Assertive:
You clean the room-àThe room is
cleared by you
Passive: Is the room cleaned by you?
Active:
Have you read the book?
Assertive:
You have read the bookàThe book has
been read by you.
Passive: Has the book been read by you?
Active:
Did you see the lion?
Assertive:
You saw the lionàThe lion was
seen by you.
Passive: Was the lion seen by you?
WH-
questions:
Active:
Who wrote it?
Passive: By whom was it written?
Active:
Whom did you call?
Passive: Who was called by you?
Active:
What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?
Active:
Which one do you like?
Passive: Which one is liked by you?
Active:
Why did the teacher punish you?
Passive: Why were you punished by the teacher?
D.
Passive Voice of Complex Sentences.
In changing the voice of complex Sentences the
Voices of both the Principal and Subordinate Clauses should be changed. The
Introductory ‘It’ may also be sometimes used in such cases.
Active:
We know that Columbus discovered America.
Passive: That America was discovered by Columbus is
known to us.
Or
It is known to us that America was discovered by Columbus.
Active:
I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me the work was done by him.
Active:
He told me that he would buy the book.
Passive: I was told by him that the book would be
bought by him.
Active:
They proposed to hold a meeting.
Passive:
It was proposed to hold a meeting.
Or
It was proposed that a meeting should be held.
Some Exceptions:
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